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The problem of Evil
(the Epicurean paradox)

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The problem of Evil
Mariner
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Posted 12/14/05 - 10:34 AM:

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#91
Postmodern Beatnik wrote:
My point was that any arguments that rely on the problem of evil not being invoked as an inconsistency fail if the problem of evil is invoked as an inconsistency.


And that was the point I was criticizing as being nonsensical. You say that a given collection of propositions is inconsistent; I point out how they can be interpreted so as to dispel the inconsistency -- and you say that simply because most people do not interpret the propositions in this way, what I pointed out is a "nonsequitor". Silly. That's how inconsistencies are dealt with in any system of thought.

You know, if you post your thoughts in a public forum, you have to learn to deal when they are shown to be silly. Whether or not I am mature is (or should not be) the issue. As I said, if you want to police beliefs -- and thoughts, as it seems -- you should get a position in the UN. If, on the other hand, you want to argue, you must defend your points. Snickering doesn't quite fit the bill.

Either way, my point was that meditations on the problem of evil have not solely been the work of Christians.


And I haven't said anything to the contrary.

Augustine's own version relies heavily on that famous pagan Plato and his conceptions regarding evil.


Sure. While advancing new notions as well.

Also, do you think Epicurus was theorizing in a vacuum? There were people arguing that there was, in fact, an omnipotent, omnibenevolent power of some sort. Epicurus was arguing against them. Do you realy think the conversation stopped there?


As far as Epicurus is concerned, yes, it did, because Epicurus did not understand either evil or theism.

Have you ever read Epicurus, or at least a summary of Epicurean thought?

Also, Jewish philosophy has held versions of the free will theodicy (though not explicitly stated as such) from the beginning of its written history, and likely for a great part--if not all--of its oral history (obviously, it is hard to say what was and was not part of a no longer extant oral history). I hope that is enlightening enough.


Yep -- and Augustine was the first to develop a full-fledged doctrine out of this (in conjunction with Platonic philosophy). This supports my claims, even if you believe that it doesn't.

Of course not, and I argued no such thing.


grin

Retract away, be my guest, retract away. You just retracted your assertion about other religions solving the problem of evil, so I'm not surprised at this retraction. Yet, the funny thing is that you are annoyed because of a question. I asked "so what?", and you haven't answered it yet. It gives me the honor and the opportunity to ask it again. You said I should remember that a majority of the people disagree with me. I said I remember.

So what?

That's becasue I'm not treating it like the only game in town. Despite having drawn conclusions for myself (which is a perfectly reasonable thing to do), I still consider opposing arguments when offered. You, however, seem to be discounting all non-Christian arguments on the basis of their non-Christianity, rather than seriously considering them first. You act like no one else coul,d even possibly be right. That's the problem.


Then the problem is in your eyes. Since none of what you just said is correct. And none of it is even hinted at by my posts.

The philosophy of religion threads are not havens for Christian posters to talk about how great their religious philosophy is--no matter how much you want to act like it. Other people are going to come and criticize your arguments. Better learn to deal with it.


Is there anyone driving the "other people" away? I don't see any persecution of non-Christians going on.

But hey, when speeches and orations are substituted for argument, it's better to let the matter rest. And this is quite off-topic anyway. If you want to discuss the nasty Christian bias in the Philosophy of Religion forum, you could use a thread in Feedback (I think) that discusses it in detail. If you want to discuss the Problem of Evil, itself, perhaps you can offer a tiny, little argument. Your last posts have shown none. They just have shown that (to use your own words) my posts "get under your skin". This does not bother me, and it shouldn't bother anyone but you, so if you want to discuss it in detail, perhaps you should open a thread for it (or PM me about it ) instead of cluttering a perfectly fine thread about the Problem of Evil.

Edited by Mariner on 12/14/05 - 11:06 AM. Reason: clarification

"In faith there is enough light for those who want to believe and enough shadows to blind those who don't." -- Blaise Pascal

"The more I am by myself and alone, the more I have come to love myths" -- Aristotle in his later years
BubbaSwitzler
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Posted 12/14/05 - 10:47 AM:
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#92
Let me see if I can get this discussion back on track.

The problem of evil is the supposed inconsistency of the nature of God and our observations about how the world works (e.g. human suffering). This supposed paradox may be raised for one of two purposes: 1) to gain a better understanding of God, what he is, what he is not, what his justice is and is not, etc., or 2) as an excuse for athiesm/agnosticism.

If your purpose is the second then you will insist on definitions of God that lead to contradiction. If your purpose is the first then you will search for definitions of God that do not lead to contradiction. And therein lies much of the conflict in this thread.

Atheists and agnostics ought to understand by now that there are are as many understandings of God as their are believers in God and that they argue among themselves constantly as to who is correct. The idea that athiests and agnostics are going to provide the definitive understanding of God, one who is impossible, is simply preposterous.


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Posted 12/14/05 - 12:02 PM:
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#93
BubbaSwitzler wrote:
Let me see if I can get this discussion back on track.

The problem of evil is the supposed inconsistency of the nature of God and our observations about how the world works (e.g. human suffering). This supposed paradox may be raised for one of two purposes: 1) to gain a better understanding of God, what he is, what he is not, what his justice is and is not, etc., or 2) as an excuse for athiesm/agnosticism.

If your purpose is the second then you will insist on definitions of God that lead to contradiction. If your purpose is the first then you will search for definitions of God that do not lead to contradiction. And therein lies much of the conflict in this thread.

Atheists and agnostics ought to understand by now that there are are as many understandings of God as their are believers in God and that they argue among themselves constantly as to who is correct. The idea that athiests and agnostics are going to provide the definitive understanding of God, one who is impossible, is simply preposterous.


If what you say is true, it follows objectivity in the matter at hand, is impossible. However, it seems to me quite possible that a person could inquire with the only focus being for the sake of truth.

Difficulties arise in part because the concept of any God, as spirit, is a concept derived from other concepts, which are normally imprecise. That is, imprecise relative to primary concepts which are more often precise. For example, the concepts of my cat being a domesticated animal is a combination of three concepts; one quite accessible because, a cat exists in our environment while neither domesticated or animal do. That is, there is no object of the concept domesticated, and the same holds true for the concept of God as spirit as well as the concept of evil.

"To the success of our hopeless task."
BubbaSwitzler
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Posted 12/14/05 - 12:20 PM:
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#94
darkcrow wrote:

If what you say is true, it follows objectivity in the matter at hand, is impossible. However, it seems to me quite possible that a person could inquire with the only focus being for the sake of truth.

Difficulties arise in part because the concept of any God, as spirit, is a concept derived from other concepts, which are normally imprecise. That is, imprecise relative to primary concepts which are more often precise. For example, the concepts of my cat being a domesticated animal is a combination of three concepts; one quite accessible because, a cat exists in our environment while neither domesticated or animal do. That is, there is no object of the concept domesticated, and the same holds true for the concept of God as spirit as well as the concept of evil.


With respect to God we have a body of evidence of varying quality and reliability. The question arises whether or not there is a concept of God which is consistent with this evidence in general and of particular claims about God in particular.

Our concepts are aids to understanding reality. That they exist in our mind is beside the point. We are not interested (normally) in concepts that do not aid in the understanding of reality. The debates about God's qualities are interesting only insofar as they relate to an actual being.

I don't mean to go off on a Platonic tangent here but only to point out the conflicting agendas in forming our concepts of God. I readily admit that my bias is to find a concept of God that is consistent with the evidence and which is not inherently contradictory. It's unclear what point there is in entertaining definitions of God from people who are seeking to prove his nonexistence.

The logical role for an athiest/agnostic in this debate is to shoot down particular theories, e.g. by pointing out the contradiction between a particular understanding of benevolence and suffering.


Edited by BubbaSwitzler on 12/14/05 - 12:27 PM

"Can anything good come from Nazareth?"
Mariner
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Posted 12/15/05 - 02:03 AM:
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#95
Nice posts, particularly #92, Bubba.

BubbaSwitzler wrote:

The question arises whether or not there is a concept of God which is consistent with this evidence in general and of particular claims about God in particular.


Yes; and it must be emphasized that the search for "a concept" of God follows, logically and existentially, after the experience of God, even if in a small glimpse.

"In faith there is enough light for those who want to believe and enough shadows to blind those who don't." -- Blaise Pascal

"The more I am by myself and alone, the more I have come to love myths" -- Aristotle in his later years
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Posted 12/15/05 - 09:15 PM:
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#96
ZLK wrote:
I have no problem with not being able to turn green, so I don't see why sin is necessary for free will...


Non-seq.

ZLK wrote:

mric touched on this in post #47. There are really only four options, and if it is the last one (God allows evil for a greater good) then God uses an ends-justifies-the-means philosophy which most people would find morally unacceptable.


Sorry, but you still dont get it. My argument asserts that if something is a part of God's plan, then it cannot be evil. Period. God doesnt use evil to do good, but rather evil does not exist and our "perception" of evil is only a result of a misunderstanding.
dclements
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Posted 12/16/05 - 09:31 AM:
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#97
(..I've been busy doing finals for college so I haven't had much time over the past couple of days to post...)

While it is interesting that this topic has spawn several other threads and that has been much debate on the subject, I do not believe that there is an objective arguement to resolve the problem of evil.

The main reason is due to the fact that the problem of evil challeges peoples beliefs (or non-belief) in God. In otherwords, if one states that the problem of evil is valid they are accepting arguements that prove that God doe not exist while those who do not believe the problem of evil are accepting arguements that show why it is rational to believe in God. This causes that debate over whether the problem of evil is valid to become a debate over whether God exists. If I had realize this in the begining I may have not bothered to start this thread.

When I first started this thread I thought that the problem of evil just states that it is a contradiction to believe in a omnipotent, benevolent god and that it is does not state that there is a God. However, after reading a bit more I realize that it is an a 'reductio ad absurdum' or an arguement that tries to show thorugh proof by contradiction that an assumption is false. Once someone has shown why it is false to believe in a omnipotent,benevolent God they can continue and show why it is false to believe in a non-benevolent God and why it is false to believe in an non-omnipotent God. Since this changes the debate into one where people are arguing over whether God exists or not and not one where people ideas of God are being challeged, I do not see any point in trying to continue since people that have strong beliefs on the subject are very unlikely to be objective.

Perhaps that best way to resovle this is to find a middle ground that some people on both sides can argee.

The best middle ground I can think of is that there is the belief that one can know that God exists in what is called 'knowledge through faith'. If God talks to someone or makes his existance known to an individual they can claim that their belief in God is based on experiences and not on a desire for wanting God to exist (or in otherwords, their belief is rational). Athough 'knowledge through faith' may prove to an individual that God exist it does not prove to anyone else that he does exist. People that do not have these religious experiences are rational for not believing that God exist because people claiming that God has made himself know to them and the evidence in the world around them is not enough.

Edited by dclements on 12/16/05 - 09:37 AM

No, you don't get it, thats why I'm telling you. You think you get it, which isn't the same as actually getting it. Get it?-Kakashi Hatake

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And vice sometimes by action dignified-Friar Lawrence

The state of mind that questions is much more important than the question itself.Any question may be asked by a slavish mind, and the answer it receives will still be be within the limitations of its own slavery...Freedom of desire for an answer is essential for the understanding of a problem-Krishnamurti
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Posted 12/16/05 - 10:12 AM:
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#98
  • I do not believe that there is an objective arguement to resolve the problem of evil.
  • The main reason is due to the fact that the problem of evil challeges peoples beliefs (or non-belief) in God.
  • If I had realize this in the begining I may have not bothered to start this thread.
  • I do not see any point in trying to continue since people that have strong beliefs on the subject are very unlikely to be objective.

  • Let me see if I understand your position. You think that you have shown, through logic, that the “problem of evil” displays the contradictory nature in belief in a tri-omni God. You realize that people here object to this, but you think that this is on account of their religious belief alone, and not on any logically reasoned and argued grounds. Thus it will be impossible to show people the truth of things because their belief clouds their thinking, and implores them to remain in the bliss of ignorance.

    If that is the case, then I am perplexed at how you could arrive at this conclusion from reading this thread.

    The best middle ground I can think of is that there is the belief that one can know that God exists in what is called 'knowledge through faith'. If God talks to someone or makes his existance known to an individual they can claim that their belief in God is based on experiences and not on a desire for wanting God to exist (or in otherwords, their belief is rational). Athough 'knowledge through faith' may prove to an individual that God exist it does not prove to anyone else that he does exist. People that do not have these religious experiences are rational for not believing that God exist because people claiming that God has made himself know to them and the evidence in the world around them is not enough.

    I think it should be obvious why this middle ground will not do. You are not doing religion people any favors by tossing the carrot. Nor is this a well reasoned justification of experiential agnosticism. If you wish to understand why, spend some thought on the following:

  • Blessed are those who have not seen and yet have believed
  • A wicked and adulterous generation seeks after a sign, and no sign shall be given to it except the sign of the prophet Jonah."
  • He who hears you hears Me, he who rejects you rejects Me, and he who rejects Me rejects Him who sent Me

    If someone tells you of an experience they had, you must decided whether to believe them, or distrust them. Therein is the choice. There is no room for agnosticism. This is a forced choice. To say “Ill wait till I see it with my own eyes” is to say “I do not believe you”. We, as philosophers, must examine the reasons for belief or disbelief. The problem of evil, as it has been logically explained to you, is not a reason to disbelieve; rather it is a reason to believe.

  • There is no more pleasant food for the soul than the knowledge of truth. - Lactantius
    BubbaSwitzler
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    Posted 12/16/05 - 10:42 AM:
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    #99
    dclements wrote:

    When I first started this thread I thought that the problem of evil just states that it is a contradiction to believe in a omnipotent, benevolent god and that it is does not state that there is a God. However, after reading a bit more I realize that it is an a 'reductio ad absurdum' or an arguement that tries to show thorugh proof by contradiction that an assumption is false.

    You are overlooking the possibility that there is disagreement on the meaning of these terms, which has been the main point of contention. You assume you understand them and that everyone agrees with your understanding of them.
    dclements wrote:

    Perhaps that best way to resovle this is to find a middle ground that some people on both sides can argee.

    I have to agree with Philosphy that that is just plain pusillanimous; this is not a forum for compromise but for seeking truth.

    "Can anything good come from Nazareth?"
    Raziel
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    Posted 12/17/05 - 11:01 PM:
    Subject: Raziel: Philosopher and Part-Time Referee
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    #100
    I'm not sure how comfortable I am taking an atheist's side in this debate (though I'm only sort of doing so), but here goes...
    Mariner wrote:
    Postmodern Beatnik: My point was that any arguments that rely on the problem of evil not being invoked as an inconsistency fail if the problem of evil is invoked as an inconsistency.
    Mariner: And that was the point I was criticizing as being nonsensical.
    Near as I can tell, PB is responding to some of your earlier posts that claim the problem of evil is not invoked by atheists as an inconsistency within theism. I think his point is this: if your arguments rely on premise P1 (in this case that the problem of evil is not invoked as an inconsistency), and your opponent does not hold P1 then your argument will not convince them. Furthermore, he states that most people invoking the problem of evil do not do so in a way consistent with P1. In other words, they do not hold P1--rather they do, in fact, invoke the problem of evil as an inconsistency within theism. As such, arguments relying on them holding P1 do not work against such people. What is non-sensical about that? It's pure modus ponens, as far as I can tell.

    Mariner wrote:
    Postmodern Beatnik: Either way, my point was that meditations on the problem of evil have not solely been the work of Christians.
    Mariner: And I haven't said anything to the contrary.
    Though you have implied that their work is irrelevant.

    Mariner wrote:
    Postmodern Beatnik: Also, do you think Epicurus was theorizing in a vacuum? There were people arguing that there was, in fact, an omnipotent, omnibenevolent power of some sort. Epicurus was arguing against them. Do you realy think the conversation stopped there?
    Mariner: As far as Epicurus is concerned, yes, it did, because Epicurus did not understand either evil or theism.
    The conversation almost certainly did not end there. Simply because Epicurus was convinced does not mean his opponents were. I'm sure they had some reply to Epicurus.

    Mariner wrote:
    Posmodern Beatnik: Also, Jewish philosophy has held versions of the free will theodicy (though not explicitly stated as such) from the beginning of its written history, and likely for a great part--if not all--of its oral history (obviously, it is hard to say what was and was not part of a no longer extant oral history). I hope that is enlightening enough.
    Mariner: Yep -- and Augustine was the first to develop a full-fledged doctrine out of this (in conjunction with Platonic philosophy). This supports my claims, even if you believe that it doesn't.
    The Jewish version is probably fleshed out enough to overcome the problem of evil and it was a version of the free will theodicy. So actually, this point supports PB's claim that others had been in the vicinity of Augustine's philosophy, not your claim that no one else came close. However, Augustine certainly brought the idea in line with other metaphysical issues that others had ignored (if only because metaphysics had not developed to the point of raising those issues before). But I don't think we can end with Augustine. Brilliant as he was, minor revisions have been necessary to keep the free will theodicy viable (though I think they have been easily and effectively made).

    Mariner wrote:
    Postmodern Beatnik: Of course not, and I argued no such thing.
    Mariner: Retract away, be my guest, retract away.
    He didn't retract anything, as far as I can tell. Rather it seems like he agreed to use your definitions of words rather than his and rephrased as such. You have a habit of characterizing peoples statements to suit your purpose regardless of what they actually meant and confusing issues through semantic muddling until the original point is lost. These seem like rather dishonest tactics that should not be used by a person claiming the moral high ground.

    Mariner wrote:
    Postmodern Beatnik: You act like no one else could even possibly be right. That's the problem.
    Mariner: Then the problem is in your eyes. Since none of what you just said is correct. And none of it is even hinted at by my posts.
    Hmmm... I find it rather strongly hinted at in your posts as well. However, if you are explicitly denying this as your intention then perhaps it is simply our interpretations that are incorrect. Still, it's worth clarification.

    ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Atheists do not need to embrace a system of absolute morals to use the problem of evil against Christians. All they need to do is say that the world view posited by Christians is inconsistent with the very real existence of "evil." They do not even need to acknowledge such a thing as actual evil; instead, they can let our own definitions hang us. Christians define certain things as "evil" (presumably because God sees them as evil). Such things exist in the world. If our God is truly all-loving and all-powerful then he should a) want to remove evil and b) be capable of it. That's the problem (in an over-simplified way, yes I know).

    So the question is, can we respond to it. I have to say yes, we can. The free will theodicy works fine. We can make an argument that morality is meaningless without choice, therefore, free will is necessary. Another route I am familiar with is to say that good and evil define each other. Perhaps this deals with Mariner's whole "problem of good" argument, though it seems the relativist could adapt this to his own needs and actually use it against Mariner. However, I'm not particularly an expert on that theory so I shouldn't go to far into depth on it.

    So okay, I think Mariner is being uncharitable to Postmodern Beatnik, but ultimately, the free will theodicy works as a response to the problem of evil. I guess I'm not really taking an atheist's side after all.

    And you will know the truth, and the truth will make you free. [John 8:32]

    Until next time, help control the pet population: Teach your dog abstinence. [Stephen Colbert]
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